Elder Law Issues
Court-Appointed Attorney Must Advocate for Client
Guardianship and conservatorship proceedings can be personally devastating to the proposed ward. The process can result in loss of dignity, autonomy and freedom. The subject of the proceedings should have legal advice; if they don’t already have a lawyer, a court-appointed attorney should be available. That issue loomed large in a recent Iowa Court of
Lawyer’s False Guardian Reports Lead to Bar Discipline
A court-appointed guardian has a variety of responsibilities. One administrative duty: most states require the filing of guardian reports, typically once a year. Those guardian reports alert the court to any changes. They also address whether the guardianship continues to be appropriate. Who and what must be reported Arizona, for instance, provides a report form
Contestants Seek Declaratory Judgment on No-Contest Clause
It is hardly uncommon for family members to disagree about the validity or meaning of a will. Even when they disagree, though, few people actually go to the trouble and expense to file a formal contest. A recent will contest case in Georgia provided a different wrinkle that invites further explanation: the will contests filed
North Carolina Court Reviews Special Needs Trust’s Purpose
When someone creates a trust — any trust — they have some purpose or goal. What is a special needs trust’s purpose? That seemingly simple question is the focus of a recent North Carolina case. Indeed, four different levels of that state’s courts seem to have trouble coming up with a straightforward answer. The guardianship
Common Law Marriage May Be Valid in Another State
We have written several times about common law marriage. It is a topic that generates lots of confusion and discussion. Despite the fact that most states do not recognize common law marriages, the problems continue to crop up. That happens even in the states that do not authorize their own citizens to enter into such
Parentage, and the Late Artist (Formerly) Known as Prince
We wrote last week about the law of parentage, and how Arizona law is evolving in the modern world. Other jurisdictions, and other problems, address related issues. Surprisingly, perhaps, the probate of Prince’s estate sheds light on some of those problems. Prince’s family history As any rock fan of rock music or popular culture knows,
Law of Parentage Explored in Arizona Supreme Court Case
When a married woman in Arizona gives birth, her husband is presumed to be the father. The father’s parentage is subject to challenge by, for example, genetic testing — but the presumption is strong. That law is well established, and is similar to laws in most (if not all) of the other American jurisdictions. Arizona’s
Estate and Gift Tax Thresholds Set to Increase for 2018
Near the end of each year (usually in October) the Internal Revenue Service updates a number of inflation-adjusted income, estate and gift tax figures for the upcoming year. Well before the official figures are released, though, some private groups usually can predict the next years’ changes. We already know the estate and gift tax thresholds
Missing Will Discovered Three Years Later, Denied Probate
After someone’s death, what happens when no one can find a will? Their estate usually passes according to the law of “intestate succession.” That means the state’s legislature has effectively written a will for the decedent. What, if anything, can be done about a missing will? Of course, a missing will might indicate that the
Appointment of Guardian May Invalidate Attempted Marriage
Alan and Glenda were engaged. Tragically, Alan was in a 2010 automobile accident. He suffered a head injury, and his daughter filed a petition for appointment of a guardian. Soon, a guardian “of the property” was appointed. More than a year later, Alan and Glenda went ahead and got married. Was their attempted marriage valid?
Lawyer Discipline Invoked After Self-Dealing With Mother’s Estate
We often write about cases of lawyer discipline. That’s not because we enjoy relating the stories, but because they often provide guidance even to non-lawyers. For one example, many of the lawyer discipline cases involve breaches of fiduciary duty. The duties owed to an estate are the same whether the executor is a lawyer or
Beneficiary Designations May be Key to Probate Avoidance
Probate avoidance is often a key goal for our estate planning clients. Sometimes that is best addressed by establishing a living trust. In other cases it might be just as efficient to focus on beneficiary designations. In fact, even when a living trust is involved, beneficiary designations help meet the purposes of the trust. At
IRA Beneficiary Designation Affected by Divorce
In our last newsletter, we discussed the importance of following up your estate planning. Beneficiary designations are an important part of that process, we emphasized. Your IRA beneficiary designation can be particularly challenging to get right. You may have already noticed, too, that things change. A recent federal appellate decision (involving an Arizona state law)
A Key Part of Your Estate Plan: The Beneficiary Designation
After you have signed your estate planning documents, you still have more work to do. Where will you keep original documents? Who will get copies? But here’s a topic that too often gets overlooked: the beneficiary designation. What is at issue Perhaps your will or trust directs that a particular bank account is to be
Guardianship Not Required With Power of Attorney in Place
We’ve written before about why you might want to avoid guardianship proceedings. They are expensive. More lawyers, judges and court-appointed officials are involved than most people would like to have in their lives. If you planned in advance, you probably would not choose a cumbersome, invasive and public legal proceeding. How can you avoid guardianship?
Lawyer Entitled to Hearing Before Being Ordered to Disgorge Fees
When a court decides that a lawyer should return fees improperly collected, the usual term comes with powerful imagery. The lawyer is usually ordered to “disgorge” those fees. Courts are very protective about the fees charged in probate, guardianship and trust administration matters. Lawyers often find themselves having to justify their fees. An order to
Court Rejects Trustee Removal Petition in Family Dispute
When our clients sign living trusts, they usually are thinking about how to simplify legal proceedings. Trusts normally are not subject to court supervision, which helps save court costs and fees. Without court oversight, though, the trustee of a trust can sometimes get crosswise with the beneficiaries. When things reach too difficult of an impasse,
Please Don’t Handwrite Changes On Your Will
Arizona law allows you to sign a “holographic” will (or a holographic codicil). That means you can handwrite your own will and sign it. Such a will or codicil does not need the two witnesses usually required. So that means you can easily write — or change — your will yourself. Right? Please do not
Will Contest Fails, But Paternity Remains an Issue
Based on popular cultural references (and especially novels, television and movies), it might seem like will contests are commonplace. In fact, very few wills are contested. When a will contest is filed, it is seldom successful.The risk that someone might contest your will is very slight — but it does happen. The background story in
Ambiguous Residuary Clause in Will Causes Difficulty
Your will should accomplish at least three simple things. It should identify who will manage the estate (the “personal representative”, in Arizona). The will should identify individual items, dollar amounts or percentages that are to go to particular recipients. Finally, the will should include a “residuary clause” — a statement about who will receive the
Personal Liability for Acting as Personal Representative
When you agree to act as personal representative of a decedent’s estate, do you take on any potential personal liability? Generally not, but you should make sure everyone knows that you are acting as a fiduciary. A recent Arizona case illustrates the risk if you do not. Estate’s property is sold When Gary Barnes (not
Beneficiary Deed Can Help Avoid Arizona Probate
Like a number of other states, Arizona permits a real estate owner to sign a deed that transfers property automatically at death. This type of deed, often referred to as a “beneficiary deed,” is revocable during life, but can help avoid the probate process on the death of the owner. So does that mean every
Trust Benefiting Lawyer Creates Undue Influence Presumption
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 21 To be valid, a will or trust must reflect the intentions of a competent signer. If the signer is deemed to have been subject to the undue influence of someone else, the document can be invalidated. Even documents carefully prepared by lawyers sometimes get successfully challenged. When the lawyer is a
Determining Which State Has Jurisdiction Over a Trust
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 20 Let’s say you have a disagreement with your sister, who is trustee of a trust your parents created. Your sister lives in Montana, though she has a winter home in Arizona. Your parents lived in Arizona when they died. They signed their wills and trust in Arizona, and their lawyer was
Special Needs Trust Can Receive Child Support Payments
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 19 A divorced couple has a child with a disability, and one spouse is paying child support to the other. But what happens when the child turns 18? Does anyone still pay child support? If so, to whom? And what effect does any child support have on the (now adult) child’s eligibility
Even Without State Statute, Court Approves Trust Decanting
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 18 When a trustee transfers assets to a new trust with the same beneficiaries (but different terms), it is often called decanting. “Decant” is an analogy: the trustee is, in a sense, pouring trust assets from an old vessel into a new container, and improving the quality of the trust in the
What Happens When Someone Dies Intestate?
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 17 Even with regular prompting, about half of people never get around to completing even basic estate planning. If they never do get a will signed, we lawyers say that they have died “intestate”. But what does that really mean for their loved ones? Note that the information we provide here is
Guardianship, Conservatorship and Jury Trials in Arizona
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 16 Suppose someone has asked the Arizona courts for appointment as your guardian and/or your conservator. A trial has been set to consider the petition. Do you think you should be entitled to a jury trial before a guardian or conservator is appointed? Under Arizona law, you are entitled to a jury
Failure to File Court Accounting Ends Up Being Costly
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 15 Every state’s laws require court-appointed conservators (or guardians) of an estate to file a regular court accounting. Usually those filings must be filed every year (as Arizona law requires), but a few states permit them once every two years. No state lets you wait eight years between court accountings, as an
Organ Donors Need to Address Some Choices
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 14 Here at Fleming & Curti, PLC, our standard estate planning service includes not just your will, but a financial power of attorney and a health care power of attorney. We also ask whether you would like to be an organ donor at death. Your response may reflect your religious traditions, experience